Business - Organizational Structure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business - Organizational Structure - Essay Example 2). Based on their theory, there are factors that affect performance and how change occurs. There are two kinds of changes: transformational and transactional. Transformational change occurs by responding to the external environment. This affects mission and strategy, leadership, and culture in an organization. These factors affect transactional change, particularly organizational structure, systems, management practices, and climate. Together, transformational and transactional factors affect motivation, that which affects performance. (Burke, W.W., Litwin 1992, p. 1). These variables can be demonstrated in NutriSystem. NutriSystem’s mission is â€Å"to provide a weight loss program based on quality foods and a nutritionally balanced meal plan; individualized counseling is the core of our commitment that customers always have the privacy, support and knowledge needed to reach their goal weight† (Nutrisystem.com, 2011). ... The organization must excel in order to meet strategic goals. (Kates 2007, p. 3). There is a relationship between strategy and structure in an organizational design. As defined by Alfred Chandler (1962), strategy influences structure. Thus, structure follows strategy (Venohr 2007, p. 4). Otherwise, it will result in inefficiency. NutriSystem uses a marketing strategy that provides a balanced nutrition that is also low glycemic index (GI). (nutrisystemblog.com) GI is important to NutriSystem because meal plans with low GI improve hunger management, it produces better weight loss outcomes, and that it helps those who have diabetes. There are approximately 79 million adults in U.S. who are pre-diabetic and 24 million suffering from diabetes (nutrisystemblog.com). This is a good strategy for NutriSystem because millions of people are likely to respond to their diabetes control diet program. As a result of management decisions, Nutrisystem and the American Diabetes Association formed a st rategic alliance to promote the importance of weight loss for people with type 2 diabetes (Medicalnewstoday.com, 2009). Organizational Culture and Climate Culture is a fundamental part of organization although management cannot â€Å"directly† design culture. According to Kates (2007), it consists of values, mindsets, and norms of behavior that have emerged over time that most employees share. It is rather the outcome of the cumulative design decisions that have been made in the past and of the leadership and management behaviors that result from those decisions (p. 3). Thus, it can be inferred that management practices influence or shapes organizational culture. NutriSystem is devoted to educating

Office in the Real World Essay Example for Free

Office in the Real World Essay People who lived through the days prior to the release of personal computers in the mainstream probably put in a more profound appreciation for the benefits provided by the software suite, Microsoft Office. Nowadays, the programs bundled into the application may appear rudimentary to most people to call them as â€Å"common† office programs. And yet imagine how tedious it would be or it may have been for professionals in the old days in the absence of an electronic word processor, spreadsheet and presenter. Think how archaic and sluggish the workplace is if companies still relied on typewriters, calculators and acetates over overhead projectors. Those were the good old days and definitely you wouldn’t want to take a back seat with technology. Microsoft’s version of a word processor seems to be like manna from heaven. And why is that? The program allows you to do gentle key stokes for typing; perform erasures through backspace and delete functions; save, print and access again your work at a future time. In a typical office setting, Microsoft Word has become the key application to encode all those paperwork from correspondences, text documents and reports in no time. Moreover, file management of text documents has become a breeze while saving much needed space since all files are virtually stored as a database on the PC’s hard disk. Now the secretary need not browse manually the files but instead look them up with virtual folders, open and edit if necessary, and of course print as many pages as possible and rush them over to the waiting boss. Computing financials reports for revenues and expenses must have been totally intricate previously. Imagine all those figures you need to summarize using your calculator just so you could generate the totals for sales reports and income statements. And in case you pressed the wrong set of figures, then you derive incorrect sums and now you have to do it all over again. Most likely, there are greater chances for error when computations are done manually. But with Microsoft Excel, accurate financial reports are easier to produce. All you need to do is input the figures on the cells and the program provides quite a number of functions to make computations easier for you. Sum up hundreds or even thousands of figures in mere seconds. Better yet, work with formulas for more specific computations. In the past, corporate personnel had to take with them acetates and slides to play over those heavy overhead and slide projectors during presentations. Sure that was costly while limiting the presenter with static images of corporate information. Today, Microsoft PowerPoint has become commonplace for presentations inside boardrooms and even classrooms. Talk about convenience for the presenter who can not only put graphics and other images seamlessly to facilitate discussions but also create as many slides necessary, free from the hassles of printing them into acetates. Personal Gains As a matter of personal assessment, I am confident that I would be able to efficiently handle a going concern or business in the future, given the availability of Office applications. Now that I’ve learned so much about the functionalities of Microsoft Excel, I am sure that monitoring the company’s cash flow will be easier than it used to be. Using spreadsheets, I will be able to organize efficiently all the inflows in one worksheet and the outflows in another one. Moreover, I could easily generate totals for daily, weekly, monthly and yearly sums in a flash and as often as I want to. Apart from that, I can instantly generate a statement of cash flows in another worksheet through the use of simple formulas. Best of all, excel output can interface with Microsoft Word and PowerPoint. Therefore, if I need my report printed as a text file, I can copy and paste pertinent cells to MS Word and re-layout. If I need excel data for a presentation, all I need to do is copy and paste info over to MS PowerPoint. Indeed, work is easier with Office applications. Reference http://ezinearticles.com/?Microsoft-Excelid=253421

The Relationship Between Personal Values and Success Essay -- Ethics

Personal values and ethics govern personal success and have an impact on career success. Everyone has their own set of values and ethics that have been taught throughout life. Personal values and ethics are learned behaviors, hence, some are easy to understand and apply, some can be acquired, and each compliments the other. Values and ethics can carry consequences. Therefore, if one applies the practices, they can succeed. If one ignores or violates the practices, one will find themselves in the position of self loathing, stress, or in a bad situation. These values and ethics carry over into our professional lives as we go into our careers. Value is a term that expresses the concept of worth in general, according to Wordiq (2010) and it is thought to be connected to reasons for certain practices, policies or actions. According to (Lopper, 2008) value is, a principle, or quality intrinsically valuable or desirable. (Lopper, 2007) explained the following: Values are personal; a set of values is what's important to that individual. Values are so important that a person just doesn't feel right when what they are doing is in conflict with a value. Values conflicts can generate high levels of personal stress. There is no right or wrong set of personal values, though there are cultural norms embracing certain values as correct. Your personal code of values are what's important to you; not something you want or would like to have, but something you literally need in your life to be true to yourself. A value is a principle or quality intrinsically valuable or desirable to you. Values are personal. They are your convictions, your beliefs, and your ethics rolled into one. According to (Yourdictionary, 2010) ethics is: 1. the study of... ...he death of Edsel, his oldest son Henry Ford II became the president of the company. It took Ford II and the team of executives he had gathered two years to turn the company around. Ford II, being concerned about his position within the company began pitting the executives against each other, no doubt a learned behavior from his grandfather. His behaviors, professional values and ethics hindered the company from becoming the number one car company, again. Because of his own desire for job security, he would manipulate a way to rid the company of strong leaders in an attempt to retain his position at the expense of the company. Finally, there are many barriers to being successful and many degrees of success. Positive values and sound ethics build trust and exemplify competence of character. If you character is strong, the possibilities for success are endless.

one starfish :: essays research papers

All throughout my life, I’ve always regarded sports as one of the most important things in my life. They’ve always been there, to a point where I’ve taken my skills for granted. However, in light of a changing world, I have come to realize that taking anything, much less your gifts, for granted is a titanic error. The thing is in this world, you tend not to notice something, till its gone. I have learned that many times. I’ll use the example of my parents: Like most families, I grew up with both my parents there for me, and didn’t realize how lucky I was to have that, until two years ago, when my parents’ jobs caused them to separate, and ever since then even a dinner with both of them has become a rare occasion; one that I savor. Even when I am at home (wherever that is) I don’t see much of my family, with my sister being at college, and my mother’s and father’s jobs call upon them to work severe overtime. If there was one thing I could change about the world, I would make people do just that, appreciate what they have, and think, just give a thought about all the good things they have. Their various talents, to have your family with you, to have a shoulder to lean on, people that care about them, or just a place to be educated. It is a sad fact that to more then half of the people on earth, their next meal is uncertain; a place to call home may be nonexistent, people working on farms, selling themselves, finding anyway to get by, with their family and loved ones. Think about that, and do something to help out. Support a charity, send clothes or food to drives, or just pray. A small difference to one person goes a long way. Like in that Peace Corps commercial, where a young boy is walking down a beach, picking up starfish and throwing them back into the sea, so they don’t get washed up and die. His grandmother strides up to him and says â€Å"Oh Jimmie, there are so many miles of shore, and so many starfish. Do you really think you can make a difference?† Jimmie, keeping his eyes on the horizon picks up a starfish and throws it back in, and says softly, â€Å"I made a difference to that one. one starfish :: essays research papers All throughout my life, I’ve always regarded sports as one of the most important things in my life. They’ve always been there, to a point where I’ve taken my skills for granted. However, in light of a changing world, I have come to realize that taking anything, much less your gifts, for granted is a titanic error. The thing is in this world, you tend not to notice something, till its gone. I have learned that many times. I’ll use the example of my parents: Like most families, I grew up with both my parents there for me, and didn’t realize how lucky I was to have that, until two years ago, when my parents’ jobs caused them to separate, and ever since then even a dinner with both of them has become a rare occasion; one that I savor. Even when I am at home (wherever that is) I don’t see much of my family, with my sister being at college, and my mother’s and father’s jobs call upon them to work severe overtime. If there was one thing I could change about the world, I would make people do just that, appreciate what they have, and think, just give a thought about all the good things they have. Their various talents, to have your family with you, to have a shoulder to lean on, people that care about them, or just a place to be educated. It is a sad fact that to more then half of the people on earth, their next meal is uncertain; a place to call home may be nonexistent, people working on farms, selling themselves, finding anyway to get by, with their family and loved ones. Think about that, and do something to help out. Support a charity, send clothes or food to drives, or just pray. A small difference to one person goes a long way. Like in that Peace Corps commercial, where a young boy is walking down a beach, picking up starfish and throwing them back into the sea, so they don’t get washed up and die. His grandmother strides up to him and says â€Å"Oh Jimmie, there are so many miles of shore, and so many starfish. Do you really think you can make a difference?† Jimmie, keeping his eyes on the horizon picks up a starfish and throws it back in, and says softly, â€Å"I made a difference to that one.

Research approach

Evidence and structure are the keys to constructing a convincing and logical argument in support of the idea, insight, contention or recommendation you want to make. In today's business environment it is unlikely that you will be able to find the answer to your question in a single source. You may not find any articles that directly address your question. Therefore, you need to research†¦. And I do not mean being able to use Google Like a good lawyer, you have to bring together a number of different pieces of information.On their own each piece does not mean much but hen you add them all together and YOU explain to the reader how the pieces of Information Interconnect and what the combining of all this Information demonstrates – you are creating a convincing, logical argument. Students often only use the prescribed textbook as the evidence base for their argument. The information within these is generally sound. However, business people do not make decisions based on one source of Information and neither should you.There are a number of search techniques and sources of information that will make the process of generating information easier. If it a completely new topic for you start broad and move to the specific; start with easy to read, general business writing and move to more credible but technical academic writing. If you are a visual learner In the global digital age competition between the worlds best educational institutions is increasing.

Free Essays on Embraced By The Light

Embraced By The Light By, Betty J. Eadie Embraced By The Light is a wonderful book based on Betty Eadie’s experience with life after death. It starts off with her in the hospital waiting to get a hysterectomy. After her husband Joe leaves the hospital to go home and tend to their 7 children she starts to reminisce on her past as a young child. She talks about her parents and how her mother was an American Indian and how her father was a white man. Her parents divorced and her mother had to work full time just to make ends meat. Since her mother didn’t have enough money for a babysitter, Betty had to go to an Indian boarding school and was taught to fear God. One day she asked one of the nuns about God’s existence and was beat severely for it and had to go to the hospital. While in the hospital she had her first near death experience and talked about how she was cradled in a man’s arms that had a bright glow to him and had a long flowing beard. Then she enters back into her body and continues on with her life. At age fifteen Betty got married and had 4 kids with their youngest dying of SIDS at only three months of age. After six years of marriage Betty and her husband divorced. The Christmas following her divorce she met her soon to be husband, Joe. The two of them ended up having three kids together. There youngest was expected to be retarded even deformed if given birth to. They thought about having an abortion but decided to have the baby anyway. On June 19, 1968 Betty went into labor and had the baby. After thinking for nine months what the baby would like, a healthy baby boy was born, nothing wrong with it what so ever. She went into surgery the next morning. That night after surgery she was laying in bed and fell asleep, she woke up to feel her spirit drifting up off her body. As she rose from her body she looked down to see someone, she couldn’t tell at first that the body was hers until she d... Free Essays on Embraced By The Light Free Essays on Embraced By The Light Embraced By The Light By, Betty J. Eadie Embraced By The Light is a wonderful book based on Betty Eadie’s experience with life after death. It starts off with her in the hospital waiting to get a hysterectomy. After her husband Joe leaves the hospital to go home and tend to their 7 children she starts to reminisce on her past as a young child. She talks about her parents and how her mother was an American Indian and how her father was a white man. Her parents divorced and her mother had to work full time just to make ends meat. Since her mother didn’t have enough money for a babysitter, Betty had to go to an Indian boarding school and was taught to fear God. One day she asked one of the nuns about God’s existence and was beat severely for it and had to go to the hospital. While in the hospital she had her first near death experience and talked about how she was cradled in a man’s arms that had a bright glow to him and had a long flowing beard. Then she enters back into her body and continues on with her life. At age fifteen Betty got married and had 4 kids with their youngest dying of SIDS at only three months of age. After six years of marriage Betty and her husband divorced. The Christmas following her divorce she met her soon to be husband, Joe. The two of them ended up having three kids together. There youngest was expected to be retarded even deformed if given birth to. They thought about having an abortion but decided to have the baby anyway. On June 19, 1968 Betty went into labor and had the baby. After thinking for nine months what the baby would like, a healthy baby boy was born, nothing wrong with it what so ever. She went into surgery the next morning. That night after surgery she was laying in bed and fell asleep, she woke up to feel her spirit drifting up off her body. As she rose from her body she looked down to see someone, she couldn’t tell at first that the body was hers until she d...

Deep Earthquakes - Why They Happen

Deep Earthquakes - Why They Happen Deep earthquakes were discovered in the 1920s, but they remain a subject of contention today. The reason is simple: they arent supposed to happen. Yet they account for more than 20 percent of all earthquakes. Shallow earthquakes require solid rocks to occur, more specifically, cold, brittle rocks. Only these can store up elastic strain along a geologic fault, held in check by friction until the strain lets loose in a violent rupture. The Earth gets hotter by about 1 degree C with every 100 meters of depth on average. Combine that with high pressure underground and its clear that by about 50 kilometers down, on average the rocks should be too hot and squeezed too tight to crack and grind the way they do at the surface. Thus deep-focus quakes, those below 70 km, demand an explanation. Slabs and Deep Earthquakes Subduction gives us a way around this. As the lithospheric plates making up Earths outer shell interact, some are plunged downward into the underlying mantle. As they exit the plate-tectonic game they get a new name: slabs. At first, the slabs, rubbing against the overlying plate and bending under the stress, produce shallow-type subduction earthquakes. These are well explained. But as a slab goes deeper than 70 km, the shocks continue. Several factors are thought to help: The mantle is not homogeneous but rather is full of variety. Some parts remain brittle or cold for very long times. The cold slab can find something solid to push against, producing shallow-type quakes, quite a bit deeper than the averages suggest. Moreover, the bent slab may also unbend, repeating the deformation it felt earlier but in the opposite sense.Minerals in the slab begin to change under pressure. Metamorphosed basalt and gabbro in the slab changes to the blueschist mineral suite, which in turn changes into garnet-rich eclogite around 50 km depth. Water is released at each step in the process while the rocks become more compact and grow more brittle. This dehydration embrittlement strongly affects the stresses underground.Under growing pressure, serpentine minerals in the slab decompose into the minerals olivine and enstatite plus water. This is the reverse of the serpentine formation that happened when the plate was young. It is thought to be complete around 160 km depth.W ater can trigger localized melting in the slab. Melted rocks, like nearly all liquids, take up more space than solids, thus melting can break fractures even at great depths. Over a wide depth range averaging 410 km, olivine begins to change to a different crystal form identical to that of the mineral spinel. This is what mineralogists call a phase change rather than a chemical change; only the volume of the mineral is affected. Olivine-spinel changes again to a perovskite form at around 650 km. (These two depths mark the mantles transition zone.)Other notable phase changes include enstatite-to-ilmenite and garnet-to-perovskite at depths below 500 km. Thus there are plenty of candidates for the energy behind deep earthquakes at all depths between 70 and 700 km, perhaps too many. The roles of temperature and water are important at all depths as well, though not precisely known. As scientists say, the problem is still poorly constrained. Deep Earthquake Details There are a few more significant clues about deep-focus events. One is that the ruptures proceed very slowly, less than half the speed of shallow ruptures, and they seem to consist of patches or closely spaced subevents. Another is that they have few aftershocks, only one-tenth as many as shallow quakes do. They relieve more stress; that is, the stress drop is generally much larger for deep than shallow events. Until recently the consensus candidate for the energy of very deep quakes was the phase change from olivine to olivine-spinel, or transformational faulting. The idea was that little lenses of olivine-spinel would form, gradually expand and eventually connect in a sheet. Olivine-spinel is softer than olivine, therefore the stress would find an avenue of sudden release along those sheets. Layers of melted rock might form to lubricate the action, similar to superfaults in the lithosphere, the shock might trigger more transformational faulting, and the quake would slowly grow. Then the great Bolivia deep earthquake of 9 June 1994 occurred, a magnitude 8.3 event at a depth of 636 km. Many workers thought that to be too much energy for the transformational faulting model to account for. Other tests have failed to confirm the model. Not all agree. Since then, deep-earthquake specialists have been trying new ideas, refining old ones, and having a ball.

Free Essays on Sauls Conversion

The Damascus Road Experience I decided to do my paper on Acts 9:1 though Acts 9:9. I chose this passage because I believe it made a huge difference in Christianity. After his experience on the road, Paul became one of the most influential men in the Bible. He also wrote two- thirds of the New Testament. Paul was one of the most intelligent men of his time. This is why his conversion was so important. Luke wrote this book. It was written around 62 A.D. This was a letter originally written to Theophilus. The purpose of writing to Theophilus was to give him greater insight into the origins of Christianity. It is thought that he was a converted Gentile. This miraculous event occurred on the road to Damascus. Saul was a member of the Sanhedrin. It was the middle of the day, and Gods light shined brighter than the sun. The bright light blinded Paul, maybe to show him his blindness in persecution. Paul was blown away when he heard â€Å" I am Jesus, whom you persecute†. Because he experienced this event himself, there was no way he could deny it. He understood that this vision was from the God he had been trying to serve, only to learn that he had badly misunderstood God. He saved Saul just in time. He was taking orders from the high priest of the Sanhedrin, which gave him, power to extradite all Christians who had fled due to persecution. Saul was known as the most zealous representative of the Jewish community when it came to persecution. Saul believed he was being religious and doing the right thing in persecuting Christians. The main theme is salvation, plain and simple. The Lord saved Paul from a life of sin. In turn, The Lord also saved many lives by reversing Paul’s beliefs when he did. Who knows how many would have died if Paul and his entourage would have killed in Damascus. This is how the passage goes according to me: Saul was talking about abusing and murdering Christians. He goes to the boss to ask for the pa... Free Essays on Saul's Conversion Free Essays on Saul's Conversion The Damascus Road Experience I decided to do my paper on Acts 9:1 though Acts 9:9. I chose this passage because I believe it made a huge difference in Christianity. After his experience on the road, Paul became one of the most influential men in the Bible. He also wrote two- thirds of the New Testament. Paul was one of the most intelligent men of his time. This is why his conversion was so important. Luke wrote this book. It was written around 62 A.D. This was a letter originally written to Theophilus. The purpose of writing to Theophilus was to give him greater insight into the origins of Christianity. It is thought that he was a converted Gentile. This miraculous event occurred on the road to Damascus. Saul was a member of the Sanhedrin. It was the middle of the day, and Gods light shined brighter than the sun. The bright light blinded Paul, maybe to show him his blindness in persecution. Paul was blown away when he heard â€Å" I am Jesus, whom you persecute†. Because he experienced this event himself, there was no way he could deny it. He understood that this vision was from the God he had been trying to serve, only to learn that he had badly misunderstood God. He saved Saul just in time. He was taking orders from the high priest of the Sanhedrin, which gave him, power to extradite all Christians who had fled due to persecution. Saul was known as the most zealous representative of the Jewish community when it came to persecution. Saul believed he was being religious and doing the right thing in persecuting Christians. The main theme is salvation, plain and simple. The Lord saved Paul from a life of sin. In turn, The Lord also saved many lives by reversing Paul’s beliefs when he did. Who knows how many would have died if Paul and his entourage would have killed in Damascus. This is how the passage goes according to me: Saul was talking about abusing and murdering Christians. He goes to the boss to ask for the pa...

Concept Clarification Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Concept Clarification - Essay Example There is a wide gap in the physical structure and mental capability between those who are 60 and others aged 90. Not everyone who is 60 disappears into oblivion right away. There are those enjoying exuberant health and actively involved well into their 90s. But not everyone, however, is so fortunate. In the light of the fast economical changes taking place, the issue most important after environment is health care for the aged, particularly those who are left alone, and have nowhere to go. Fear of failing health and deteriorating physical abilities make them prone to fall and injuries. Morbid fear of being unable to move and look after oneself portentously lurk. The possibility of better handling the situation through counseling and improving balancing abilities through exercises must be explored and actively pursued. It will be a healthy world where the elderly are energetic and active so that their wisdom and experience could be put to good use for the society at large. Given the opportunity, there could be no doubt the elderly would be only too happy to immerse themselves in activities which guide them in the art of health-promoting self-care behavior, self-efficacy, and self-care agency. Use of research instrument such as Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II Scale (HPLP II), Self-Rated Abilities for Health Practices Scale (SRAHP), Exercises of Self-Care Agency Scale (ESCA), provide invaluable inputs into the causes and effects and raise awareness and self-esteem of the anxious elderly. Inter-personal health promotional behavior and activities among long-term elderly married couples, important and necessary in view of its ubiquity, to analyze relationship quality, perceived barriers, perceived self-efficacy, and social support by means of regression analysis to detect the factors that need to be addressed for better health. A healthy aging social segment reflects good health for society in general. Antecedents The problem of homelessness originates with the individual as well as the social system. Individually the reasons for homelessness set in with any or all of the factors such as broken family background, domestic violence, level of education, ethnicity among others. Structurally, at the society level, lack of facilities, unemployment, poverty, poor income, lack of accommodation facilities, among other factors contribute to homelessness. Homelessness is one of the debilitating causes for quicker deterioration of health for older adults. It is more common in urban situations where accommodation eludes those with little or no income. Biological factors contributing to physical changes begin to weaken the body muscles and joints leading to the fear of falling. In such situation, it is doubly damning if the individual is already beset with homelessness. At times, even standing up without support gives way and the person falls. Health promotional concepts have been emerging ubiquitously with encouraging response from the people of all age groups. Pender's Health Promotional Model (HPM) is particularly noteworthy because of it meticulous approach and provisions for treatment. Pender's Health Promotional Model (HPM), introduced in 1987, seeks to identify individual characteristics and experiences before considering commitment to a plan

WHY ARE THERE MORE BLAACK PEOPLE AND ETHNIC MINORITIES DETAINED IN Essay

WHY ARE THERE MORE BLAACK PEOPLE AND ETHNIC MINORITIES DETAINED IN SECURE PSYCHATRIC SETTINGS AS COMPARED TO THE INDEGENOUS POPULATION - Essay Example This may bring challenges in that, health officials may be unwilling to open up as that may be in contravention to their code of conduct and professional regulations. The overall goal of the research is to better understand how the black people in the community have been isolated trhough poor access system and to develop strategies to reduce this isolation. To move in that direction, the following research questions will be pursued: - By answering the above questions, the researcher hopes that solutions, measures and strategies would be developed to curb the problem and provide long lasting solutions to the problems highlighted. These strategies and measures will hopefully lead to decreased cases of black people and ethnic minorities detained in secure psychiatric settings. The study shall seek to identify causes of increased incidences of psychiatric disorders amongst blacks and ethnic minorities. This is beneficial in that, the findings shall be used to offer suggestions to the government and other stakeholders on how the government can intervene to solve the problem which is clearly threatening to get out of control. Secondly, the research is beneficial in that, it will inform the stakeholders and the general public on the status of the black people and ethnic minorities detained in secure psychiatric settings with an aim of making the community to appreciate the need for a reliable, organized, secure and dependable mental health system. By studying on how the blacks are affected by the psychiatric setting, the researcher shall help the community see the impact of an oppressive and imbalanced social services system and therefore appreciate the need for a more rational health system which would take care of the special needs of the blacks especially in regard to mortality and morbidity. Thirdly the research will bring in new and fresh insights as to how the blacks are affected by the current health crisis as well try to

Landry's Restaurant's Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Landry's Restaurant's - Essay Example The government would interfere with the operations of the business if the financial statements show that the company violated environmental laws such as throwing factory wastes into the pristine rivers beside the factory. The following paragraphs will explain the different components of these financial statements with explanations where needed. The data on page 22 show that the company generated net income of $18,112 for the year 2007. It also generated the amount of $ 21,770 in net loss for the year 2006. It also generated the amount of $ 44,815 in net income for the year 2005. It also generated the amount of $ 66,7521 in net income for the year 2004. Lastly, It also generated the amount of $ 44,914 in net income for the year 2003. Another term for the net income is the bottom line. The net incomes generated for the years 2007, 2005, 2004, and 2003 show that the companys managers did well during these accounting periods. On the other hand, the company did badly during the year 2006 because the income statement shows it generated the failing grade of net loss. This financial information was taken from the Income statement on page 24 of the voluminous data studied. This one of the three financial statements companies are required to produce in one accounting period. It shows how the business operations did in terms of revenues, costs and expenses. The other two financial statements are the balance sheet and the statement of cash flows. The components of this financial statement include the revenues. This account title represents that the total amount generated from cash revenues and accounts receivable revenues during one accounting period. Cash revenues are revenues generated where the customers pay cash for eating in the restaurant and /or using its facilities for business or personal use. The accounts receivable

Contract Disputes Paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Contract Disputes - Term Paper Example I will give an example of a contract dispute that occurred between the Government Printing Office (GPO) and Microform Data Systems, Inc. between 1980 and 1981. In a letter written by the Acting Controller General of the United States to Mr. McClosky, House of Representatives in Microform Data Systems, he explained the correspondence made by Microform Data Systems, Inc. for their contract appeals and dissatisfaction with the processes and composition of GPO board. Microform Data Systems, Inc was not happy at all by the steps taken by the GPO board in dealing with their Contract dispute and claims concerning a business contract between the two associates (Government Operations: Contract Dispute Involving Government Printing Office, 1981). The facts about the Contract Dispute Involving Government Printing Office and Microform Data Systems The statement from the acting controller General clearly indicated that Microform criticized a couple of actions taken by GPO board against their comp any. They claimed that the administration of the GPO was too harsh by handing over their contract dispute to a new board to rehear. They expressed their concern that the GPO board in question is not a full time working board characterized by unqualified staff members and lack of consistency. Microform Company was not amused about this step taken by GPO administration. The question in their mind was that, how can a new board, handle a case like that without the prior knowledge and deeper understanding of what they were claiming. Microform believed that the act used by GPO administration to delegate their contract issue is not a direct application required by legislative branch agencies. The controller General office directly disagrees with Microform claim about a contractor shopping immediately after receiving an administrative ruling from the board. Microform required the GPO Board to satisfy a Contract Disputes they claimed in the first matter (Government Operations: Contract Dispu te Involving Government Printing Office, 1981).

Just in Time for Starbucks Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Just in Time for Starbucks - Case Study Example This paper seeks to analyze Starbucks Operations Management in the lights of broad and diverse academic resources. Recent research conducted in the market suggests that Starbucks has been unsuccessful in meeting expectations of consumers in the customer satisfaction domain. The organization needs to devise and implement a strategic plan in order to generate revenues as well as improving customer satisfaction. Market research suggests that Starbucks was considered to be the biggest coffeehouse in the United States as well as in other countries. It concentrated on younger, lower income, customers. At the same time, it is not meeting the demands of customers in the customer satisfaction domain (Thompson & Martin, 145). At Starbucks, the Senior Management is responsible for analyzing the outcomes of the market research so that it could understand the factors which led to customer dissatisfaction in order to devise plan to meet their demands and increase revenues and sales. In recent times, the demographics of conventional Starbucks have changed. Now days, younger, low income and less educated customers visit the coffee house. Research suggests that traditional customers in the past were considered to be white collar customers aged between twenty five and forty (Zeithaml, 50). Although several factors were identified which had made an impact on customer satisfaction, the speed of service and overall service have been acknowledged as the most important. The company has spent and invested huge amount of money of employee benefits in order to maintain speed of service. Competition Research suggests that Starbucks was ahead of its competitors in operations and profitability. In the United States, Starbucks have competed against several coffeehouse chains. Its competitors include Caribou Coffee, independent specialty coffee outlets, Dunkin Donuts, etc. Company Strategy and Objective The aim and objective of Starbucks is to establish itself as the most popular and famous coffee brand in the world by concentrating on expansion of retails and introducing new products. At the same time, it concentrates on creating a memorable experience around coffee consumption and to accomplish it, they have expanded and operated an experimental branding approach. Customer service was integral part of this approach. Context As mentioned earlier, Starbucks strives for innovation and keeps on investing on new products in order to generate sales and profits. The recent market research indicates that customer service was deemed as unsatisfactory because customers viewed Starbucks as a giant corporation which concentrates on making profits and expanding it self. This indicates that using customer snapshot scores were ineffective in determining the service performance (Hammonds, 245). Consequently, the senior management is worried and needs to devise a plan in order to address the issue of customer satisfaction. By investing more than forty million dollars on additional labor hours is uncertain and risky because this strategy would only concentrate on improvement of speed of service. Recommendations The company needs a wide ranging diverse and broad strategy, which concentrate on customer service. This strategy should concentrate on understanding the needs of the customers and improving their experience. With the improvement in customer satisfac

Contract Disputes Paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Contract Disputes - Term Paper Example I will give an example of a contract dispute that occurred between the Government Printing Office (GPO) and Microform Data Systems, Inc. between 1980 and 1981. In a letter written by the Acting Controller General of the United States to Mr. McClosky, House of Representatives in Microform Data Systems, he explained the correspondence made by Microform Data Systems, Inc. for their contract appeals and dissatisfaction with the processes and composition of GPO board. Microform Data Systems, Inc was not happy at all by the steps taken by the GPO board in dealing with their Contract dispute and claims concerning a business contract between the two associates (Government Operations: Contract Dispute Involving Government Printing Office, 1981). The facts about the Contract Dispute Involving Government Printing Office and Microform Data Systems The statement from the acting controller General clearly indicated that Microform criticized a couple of actions taken by GPO board against their comp any. They claimed that the administration of the GPO was too harsh by handing over their contract dispute to a new board to rehear. They expressed their concern that the GPO board in question is not a full time working board characterized by unqualified staff members and lack of consistency. Microform Company was not amused about this step taken by GPO administration. The question in their mind was that, how can a new board, handle a case like that without the prior knowledge and deeper understanding of what they were claiming. Microform believed that the act used by GPO administration to delegate their contract issue is not a direct application required by legislative branch agencies. The controller General office directly disagrees with Microform claim about a contractor shopping immediately after receiving an administrative ruling from the board. Microform required the GPO Board to satisfy a Contract Disputes they claimed in the first matter (Government Operations: Contract Dispu te Involving Government Printing Office, 1981).

Comparative Literature Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Comparative Literature Paper - Essay Example People from all over the world wish to embark the â€Å"land of milk and honey†, only to find out that there are still enormous challenges they have to face to obtain that elusive â€Å"milk and honey†. More than stories about poverty, their ugly house and their families, A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry and The House on Mango Street by Sandra Cisneros are similar in many ways as these weave tales about strong women (both immigrant women of color) as they confront their lives in the US together with their families. They will show their courage and forge enormous strength to conquer the challenges they have to face. They will have to prove something, not just for themselves, but for their families as well. Comparing the two essays, we could almost smell the characters’ well-being as they are bound to resolve the various conflicts that they face. In the past twenty five years, the field of women’s immigration history in the United States has transformed itself from a minor disciplinary field to a major way of understanding one of the largest 20th century topics for the social sciences in general: the mobility of people and its impact upon the relationship of genders. In fact, the study of women immigrants has also served as a major connector between traditional disciplines and fields of inquiry in the United States (Schneider, 2003). The two stories by Hansberry and Cisneros, incidentally by women too, weaves a showcase of what immigrant women have to face living in the US. The common thread that binds these tales is the challenges they face as minority women in America as they look for their own place in an unknown country; and seek the liberation and freedom from lives slowed down by bondage. Not only these women demonstrate the assorted hostilities many women face as they are viewed as the inferior sex, but they also seek to supersede the discrimination caused by the color of their

Description of the Activity Essay Example for Free

Description of the Activity Essay The Heijs Group is a Dutch company which is comprised of three independent operating companies. These companies are solely concerned with the supply of poultry meat. At the companies sites at Leek and Haulerwijk, the chickens are slaughtered and processed for both the deep frozen and fresh chicken markets. The third site at Hoogeveen only produces chicken fillets this is also the company which I shall examine. Heijs Food Products BV Heijs Food products BV became a division of the Heijs Group in 1997. It is purely engaged in producing top grade chicken fillets. The breasts are supplied by other production companies in the group. Once on site, the breasts are boned which produces a better quality cut of fresh chicken fillet the fillets are specifically cut to size and weight graded. They are mainly supplied to the wholesale trade nationally and abroad. Customers include the manufacturers of ready meals, catering companies and supermarkets. Heijs Food Products BV is a company whose filets chicken and makes the chicken meat ready to sell. Heijs food Products BV main objectives are to stay in the highest market segment so that they only produce high quality food. To achieve this main objective HFP has a number of systems to make sure that the product had the highest possible quality. These systems are called HCCP, IKB, GHP, DRC, ISSO9002, ACP, and BRC will be further explained later in my report. Because a few of these systems Heijs food Products BV may also sell their products to England which is their largest trading country. (BRC, ACP) P2 an description of four functional areas, including human resources, explain how each contributes to the business activity and giving examples of job roles associated with each area Quality Control Research and development The use of new and better machinery contributes with making a high quality product. Quality control makes sure that everything is all right with the food safety and hygiene. The companys policy on quality control will be controlled by special trained employees who have had training in handling with the quality control. Twice a year there is an inspection by the NEN-ISO organisation. This inspection can make a big difference for the company, if the NEN-ISO organisation concludes errors in the working method of production the certificate be put on probation for a period of time to get the entire company on the NEN-ISO standards. They do this by the following seven systems: 1 NEN -EN- ISO 9002 This international standard specifies requirements with regard to quality management. The Heijs Group are accredited with NEN -EN- ISO 9002 The objectives of the standard are: * The Heijs Group is capable of consistently supplying products which fully meet client demands and to a standard which complies with relevant legislation * Improving client satisfaction by using the standard to review and improve processes The standards in general concerns quality systems and documentation, with specific emphasis on the management of responsibility, management of resources, product development, measurement, analysis and improvement. 2 HACCP HACCP is the abbreviation for Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points. This signifies risk analysis and the management of critical points in the production process. The system has been developed as a preventative manner of work in relation to the general quality management exercised over the production of foodstuffs. The HACCP system assesses: a. biological contamination, ex. Pathogenic microbes, toxicants, microbes, yeasts, fungi, parasites b. chemical contamination such as pesticides, antibiotics, disinfection or cleansing agents, heavy metals, lubricants, additives c. Physical contamination: rust, wood chippings, metal splinters, glass, stones, plastic, hairs, construction etc. In order to prevent these dangers, there are strict measures and work agreements included in the HACCP quality system of Heijs Food Productions. 3 DLG Qualità ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ts Prà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½mierung Annually, for a number of years, Heijs Food Productions have been awarded a prize by DLG in Germany for their poultry products. The prize was in recognition for products which achieved a high organoleptic standard of products for consumers. The award considered product appearance, consistency, smell and taste. The judges were an independent panel of competent professionals who have extensive knowledge and experience of poultry products. 4 GHP-code The GHP code has two levels of standard an international standard but there is a second level which the Dutch meat processing industry has added to the standard and which has been adopted across the Country. The objective of the code is for meat processing companies to guarantee hygiene standards and to improve hygiene management. The Heijs Group believe this is a basic production requirement. The GHP code is a production requirement which has been incorporated into the IKB standard. 5 BRC Standard (Technical Standard for companies supplying retailer branded food products) The British Retail Consortium developed a technical standard for food manufacturers who supplied to the retail markets. The standard has now been adopted as a requirement of supply by many reputable internal customers and retail supermarkets. The standard includes, amongst other points: a. the application of a HACCP system b. a documented quality system c. the management of all aspects of production the product, processes and personnel to ensure food safety, quality and legality All Companies in the Heijs Group are approved to the BRC standard. The poultry processing units are approved to the Higher Level of the standard. 6 ACP (Assured Chicken Production Ltd. Poultry Standards) ACP is a full quality programme which is assessed by an independent organisation. The ACP scheme objective is to promote products that are produced to a recognised standard, which is recognised by the consumer to guarantee product safety, quality and in the case of poultry -welfare standards. The main points in the standard covers food safety, traceability, animal welfare, environmental care, and the well being and safety of animals in their rearing environment. The Heijs Group was the first company outside the UK which fully satisfied the ACP requirements. Only those Companies which satisfy the conditions laid out in the standard can apply the ACP logo on their products. ACP is a standard which has now a requirement of many supermarkets. 7 IKB The IKB chicken programme is a method for quality management in poultry production. For example in order to reduce the level of microbiological contamination of all species of salmonella there is total control through out the production chain from breeding to processing. This prevents cross contamination within the Company itself and also between other external sites. The IKB standard has specific standards to be complied with for building construction, company hygiene policies and procedures and processing techniques. Provisions are also made which have led to an improvement in the slaughter of birds which has resulted in an improvement in meat quality. The IKB standard has long been recognised by the Heijs Group as an unconditional requirement for quality chicken production. Production Within Heijs Food Productions the main department is the production part. First they get chicken breast and then the breasts are boned for a better quality cut of fresh chicken fillet, than they cut the fillets specifically to size and weight. The use of new machinery and better production methods also contribute to a better and hygiene of the product. Heijs Food Production must also keep food safety in caution because the customer demands a safe and high quality product. This is ensured by the regulations and the food safety systems which Heijs Food Productions has (Please see P1). The chicken fillets are mainly supplied to customers abroad there two main export countries are Germany and Great-Britain. Exporting there product is a main source of income. The percentage of Export and National sales are as follow: * Export 95% * National Sale 5% The delivery time on Export products are divided into two different areass as you will see below: * Fresh: 10 days (after slaughter) * Frozen: 6 months (after slaughter) Most regular customers are in the following sectors: * Manufacturers of ready meals * Catering companies * Supermarkets. Heijs Food Productions has a minimum standard of 18000 kilos production a day this is 65% of their total production capacity. This means that they are capable of producing a theoretical figure of 27692 kilos daily (depending on demand of the customer and supply by supplier). The function of the production is: * Produce high quality chicken fillets * Bone the chicken breast * Cut the Fillets specifically to size and weight After the production the product is packed either in bags or in boxes The production department contributes to the business in a way of making a high quality product. Without the production department the company would not be able to exist! This department is a crucial part of the Heijs Food Group. Marketing and Sales Within the company of Heijs there has been a separation between marketing and sales. They dont market their product a lot because good chicken fillets promote them self, they promote the company by: trucks with advertisement on it and with the package of the chicken fillets (there is also advertisement on it) Marketing activities: * Showing we have a good product (by showing certificates like ISO * Developing new packaging * Driving with trucks with our message on them On sales there are two persons active: One does all the customer contacts and one makes all the contracts and other documentation Customer contact is extremely important if you trade with other customers for example you must know what is appropriate in the country which you are trading with. The most important tasks of sales are: * Customer Contact * Orders enquiries * Making Special offers * Setting up Customer Contracts The sales department within the Heijs Company is a part which is crucial for the existence of the company. As you will know each department within a company are equally important to the business. They contribute to the existence of the company by doing there part of the business activity. Without the Sales department Heijs Food Products they would not be able to handle customers or wouldnt have customers at all. Administration The task of the administration with Heijs Food Productions is to keep a record of all the personnel like for example: sickness and absence. Also is the administration in charge of the pay wages of the personnel. The administration is set in the front of the building so that they can do the reception as well. The administration is done by one employee this person is hired to do all the administration within Heijs Food Production. Another task of the employee is taking care of all the necessary work at Reception. main activities of the Administration and Reception administration reception Keep record of personnel welcoming the visitors in charge of wages answer telephone calls write emails to customers give through messages Customer registration Financial work The reception connects telephone calls through, and gives through messages. They also reply to customer enquiries and orders. Incoming post is divided by the personal of the Administration. Welcoming visitors and guide them to the meeting or contact the person which is requested. The Administration/reception is an important task it contributes to the business in a way of doing all the administrational work if that is not done the company would not know where it would stand, and if the reception would not answer the telephone calls, and welcome the visitors the company would not make a good impression with potential customers. Human Resources With Heijs Food Production the do not have a big Human resource department. The work that the employees on the human recourse department do with Heijs Food Productions are: * Hire people (application form) * Dismiss people * Keep record of absence * Training Employees Hiring People Most of the employees which work with Heijs Food Productions are hired from a Vacancy office. Almost everybody can work with Heijs food at the production everybody gets a change: If a person is hired tell get a test period and if they pass this period they can otherwise their asked to find another job. For other leading jobs there is a whole other plan: these people must have HBO Diploma and a good Curriculum Vita. Welfare of the employees The welfare of the employees is very important; the human recourse department makes sure that the working conditions are safe and fun to work in. This is very important for the quality of the product because if the employees do not have any fun in their work, the will not do their work with care and the product is from a less quality. There are also a number of rights that all the employees have * To be paid at the agreed time * To me treated fairly * To be provided with a workspace that is healthy and save * To receive appropriate training * Not to be asked to do anything that is dangerous, unethical or illegal There are also a number of Responsibilities that all the employees have * Work conscientiously in accordance with the agreed term of their employment * Maintain standards of quality * Cooperate in trying to achieve the objectives of the business * Follow established procedures * Comply with health and safety regulations P3 A Description of how equal opportunities of employees are safeguarded by legislation How it is arranged with Heijs Food Productions? With Heijs Food Productions all the personnel equally threaten, if you work hard you can also get a promoted to a higher level on the hierarchy. An example of this is a Foreman (which is responsible for managing his area in the company), but if you do not work hard you cannot expect to get a promotion in the company. The company has a very clear policy on equal opportunities who works hard has more changes of promotion. Legislation All the employees with Heijs Food Productions have equal opportunities in the business. This legislation is arranged by law * The equal pay act 1970 (states that women performing comparable to men should me threaten equally including the same rates of payment) * The sex discrimination acts 1975 and 1986 (rule against discrimination on the basis of sex or marital status) * The race relations act 1976 (makes it illegal to discriminate against employees or potential employees on the grounds of race or ethnic grounds) * The disability discrimination act 1995 (Gives additional rights to disabled people and provides for a code of practise aimed at tending discrimination) * The employment rights act 1996 ( confirms the legal rights of employees and covers the contract of employment, payslips and other meteors Works council Act Businesses with more than 50 employees are obliged to found a work council. The work council can give advise on: * Investments * Shrinking, fusions takeovers, expansion * Hiring of advisers The work council can give approval in decisions about: * Rewarding systems Health and safety * Holiday arrangements Work deliberation * Labor arrangements P4 Communications in Business Communications in business are very important without proper communications you cannot work actively. You wouldnt know what your customers demands are and you are not well informed. This is why good communication within business is very important. With Heijs Food Productions there are a few communication types which they use: Intern communications: * Intern telephone (most often used by the management) * Intern E-mail (most often used by the management) * Intercom (used for announcements) * Oral communications (used for communication between employees) Every day there is a short briefing with the managing people, they will discuss what theyll have to do for the day and at what time they will be finished. than theyll give the orders to the employees to make the product the customer has order (for example chicken fillets of 200 gram) External Communications * Telephone ( for customer and suppliers contact) * E-mail (customer contact + suppliers) * Written Letters E-mail (customer contact + suppliers) * Fax E-mail (customer contact + suppliers) The communications with customers are very important the sales manager calls with the customer at least twice a week. They do this to make sure that the customers is satisfied about the product and for selling more chicken fillets. P5 A Comparison of the organisational structure of your chosen business with a contrasting structure Organisational Structure of Heijs Food Products BV Organisational structure of NSA I have chosen for 2 different kinds of organisational structures: * Line staff organisation (organisational chart) * flat organisational structure (hierarchical structure) Advantages and disadvantages of the hierarchical structure Advantage: * The advantage of a hierarchical structure is that the control of the organisation is kept in the hands of the person at top of the organisation. * Easy to maintain a particular identity or standard of service and quality in a large organisation. * Clear defined chain of commend, which instructions are flowing downward through all employees, and information about performance flowing upwards * Everyone in the organisations knows their role within the organisation. Disadvantage: * No limit to the number of management between the top decision maker and the shop floor or other support staff * Decision making can be slow or delayed as it takes a long time for information to flow upwards, for decisions to be taken at the top and communicated downwards again and implemented by support staff * At each level information and instructions may be interpreted differently so that information passed on, or action taken, may be biased by the attitudes of individual managers. Advantages and disadvantages of a flat structure Advantage: * The flow of information between upper and lower levels is fast this enables quick decision making and a faster response to problems. * With fewer levels of management many managers and operatives feel they have more responsibility for their own work this increases job motivation and satisfaction. Conclusion I could find any disadvantages about a flat structure so my conclusion is that a flat structure is the best one because there are no disadvantages about it (recording to the book)

Moral Justifications for Archaeological Excavation Sites

Moral Justifications for Archaeological Excavation Sites Can archaeological excavation of sites not under immediate threat of development or erosion be justified morally? Explore the pros and cons of research (as opposed to rescue and salvage) excavation and non-destructive archaeological research methods using specific examples. Many people believe that archaeology and archaeologists are mainly concerned with excavation – with digging sites.   This may be the common public image of archaeology, as often portrayed on television, although Rahtz (1991, 65-86) has made clear that archaeologists in fact do many things besides excavate. Drewett (1999, 76) goes further, commenting that ‘it must never be assumed that excavation is an essential part of any archaeological fieldwork’.   Excavation itself is a costly and destructive research tool, destroying the object of its research forever (Renfrew and Bahn 1996, 100).   Of the present day it has been noted that rather than desiring to dig every site they know about, the majority of archaeologists work within a conservation ethic that has grown up in the past few decades (Carmichael et al. 2003, 41).   Given the shift to excavation taking place mostly in a rescue or salvage context where the archaeology would otherwise face destruction and the inherently destructive nature of excavation, it has become appropriate to ask whether research excavation can be morally justified.   This essay will seek to answer that question in the affirmative and also explore the pros and cons of research excavation and non-destructive archaeological research methods. If the moral justification of research excavation is questionable in comparison to the excavation of threatened sites, it would seem that what makes rescue excavation morally acceptable is the fact that the site would be lost to human knowledge if it was not investigated.   It seems clear from this, and seems widely accepted that excavation itself is a useful investigative technique.   Renfrew and Bahn (1996, 97) suggest that excavation ‘retains its central role in fieldwork because it yields the most reliable evidence archaeologists are interested in’.   Carmichael et al. (2003, 32) note that ‘excavation is the means by which we access the past’ and that it is the most basic, defining aspect of archaeology.   As mentioned above, excavation is a costly and destructive process that destroys the object of its study.   Bearing this in mind, it seems that it is perhaps the context in which excavation is used that has a bearing on whether or not it is m orally justifiable.   If the archaeology is bound to be destroyed through erosion or development then its destruction through excavation is vindicated since much data that would otherwise be lost will be created (Drewett 1999, 76).   If rescue excavation is justifiable on the grounds that it prevents total loss in terms of the potential data, does this mean that research excavation is not morally justifiable because it is not simply ‘making the best use of archaeological sites that must be consumed’ (Carmichael et al. 2003, 34)?   Many would disagree.   Critics of research excavation may point out that the archaeology itself is a finite resource that must be preserved wherever possible for the future.   The destruction of archaeological evidence through unnecessary (ie non-emergency) excavation denies the opportunity of research or enjoyment to future generations to whom we may owe a custodial duty of care (Rahtz 1991, 139).   Even during the most responsible excavations where detailed records are made, 100% recording of a site is not possible, making any non-essential excavation almost a wilful destruction of evidence.   These criticisms are not wholly valid though, and certainly the latte r holds true during any excavation, not only research excavations, and surely during a research project there is likely to be more time available for a full recording effort than during the statutory access period of a rescue project.   It is also debateable whether archaeology is a finite resource, since ‘new’ archaeology is created all the time.   It seems inescapable though, that individual sites are unique and can suffer destruction but although it is more difficult and perhaps undesirable to deny that we have some responsibility to preserve this archaeology for future generations, is it not also the case that the present generations are entitled to make responsible use of it, if not to destroy it?   Research excavation, best directed at answering potentially important research questions, can be done on a partial or selective basis, without disturbing or destroying a whole site, thus leaving areas for later researchers to investigate (Carmichael et al. 2003, 4 1). Furthermore, this can and should be done in conjunction with non-invasive techniques such as aerial photography, ground, geophysical and chemical survey (Drewett 1999, 76).   Continued research excavation also allows the practice and development of new techniques, without which such skills would be lost, preventing future excavation technique from being improved. An excellent example of the benefits of a combination of research excavation and non-destructive archaeological techniques is the work that has been done, despite objections, at the Anglo-Saxon cemetery at Sutton Hoo, in eastern England (Rahtz 1991 136-47; Renfrew and Bahn 1996, 98-99).   Excavation originally took place on the site in 1938-39 revealing many treasures and the impression in sand of a wooden ship used for a burial, though the body was not found.   The focus of these campaigns and those of the 1960s were traditional in their approach, being concerned with the opening of burial mounds, their contents, dating and identifying historical connections such as the identity of the occupants.   In the 1980s a new campaign with different aims was undertaken, directed by Martin Carver.   Rather than beginning and ending with excavation, a regional survey was carried out over an area of some 14ha, helping to set the site in its local context. Electronic distance measuring w as used to create a topographical contour map prior to other work.   A grass expert examined the variety of grass species on-site and identified the positions of some 200 holes dug into the site.   Other environmental studies examined beetles, pollen and snails.   In addition, a phosphate survey, indicative of likely areas of human occupation, corresponded with results of the surface survey.   Other non-destructive tools were used such as metal detectors, used to map modern rubbish.   A proton magnetometer, fluxgate gradiometer and soil resistivity were all used on a small part of the site to the east, which was later excavated.   Of those techniques, resistivity proved the most informative, revealing a modern ditch and a double palisade, as well as some other features (see comparative illustrations in Renfrew and Bahn 1996, 99).   Excavation later revealed features that had not been remotely detected.   Resistivity has since been used on the area of the mounds while soil-sounding radar, which penetrates deeper than resistivity, is being used on the mounds themselves.   At Sutton Hoo, the techniques of geophysical survey are seen to operate as a complement to excavation, not merely a preliminary nor yet a replacement.   By trialling such techniques in conjunction with excavation, their effectiveness can be gauged and new and more effective techniques developed.   The results at Sutton Hoo suggest that research excavation and non-destructive methods of archaeological research remain morally justifiable. However, simply because such techniques can be applied efficiently does not mean that excavation should be the priority nor that all sites should be excavated, but such a scenario has never been a likely one due to the usual constraints such as funding.   Besides, it has been noted above that there is already a trend towards conservation.   Continued research excavation at famous sites such as Sutton Hoo, as Rahtz notes (1991, 140-41), is justified since it serves avowedly to develop archaeological practice itself; the physical remains, or shapes in the landscape can be and are restored to their former appearance with the bonus of being better understood, more educational and interesting; such exotic and special sites capture the imagination of the public and the media and raise the profile of archaeology as a whole.   There are other sites that could prove equally good examples of morally justifiable long term research archaeology, such as Wharram Percy (for which see Rahtz 19 91, 148-57).   Progressing from a straightforward excavation in 1950, with the aim of showing that the earthworks represented medieval buildings, the site grew to represent much more in time, space and complexity.   Techniques used expanded from excavation to include survey techniques and aerial photography to set the village into a local context. In conclusion, it can be seen that while excavation is destructive, there is a morally justifiable place for research archaeology and non-destructive archaeological techniques: excavation should not be reduced only to rescue circumstances.   Research excavation projects, such as Sutton Hoo, have provided many positive aspects to the development of archaeology and knowledge of the past.   While excavation should not be undertaken lightly, and non-destructive techniques should be employed in the first place, it is clear that as yet they cannot replace excavation in terms of the amount and types of data provided.   Non-destructive techniques such as environmental sampling and resistivity survey have, provided significant complementary data to that which excavation provides and both should be employed. Bibliography Carmichael, D.L., Lafferty III, R.H. and Molyneaux, B.L. 2003. Excavation. Walnut Creek and Oxford: Altamira Press. Drewett, P.L. 1999. Field Archaeology: An Introduction. London: UCL Press. Rahtz, P. 1991. Invitation to Archaeology. 2nd edition.   Oxford: Blackwell.Renfrew, C. and Bahn, P.1996. Archaeology: Theories, Methods and Practice. 2nd edition. London: Thames Hudson.

Magic and Superstition in the Middle Ages Essay -- superstitions, beli

Superstitions have influenced the lives of human beings perhaps since the beginning of mankind. For millennia, people have clung to beliefs and practices surrounding preternatural activities. Even after science has produced evidence to explain what was once considered supernatural, the superstitious traditions have continued. During the Middle Ages, many new superstitious rituals were developed and some can still be seen in use today. However, the trivial superstitious rituals of today, such as hanging a horse shoe on a door or knocking on wood to bring good fortune, did not begin so simply. Superstition, as defined by the Oxford dictionary is, â€Å"excessively credulous belief in and reverence for the supernatural.† In no other time was the supernatural ever so excessively believed than in the Middle Ages, where witches flew on broomsticks, Jewish sorcerers conjured spells, and sneezes could kill you. In ancient times, mysterious circumstances were explained by the imaginations of our ancestors. Without science, occurrences which seem obvious now were once described as supernatural. For example, a person’s shadow cast on a sunny day was defined as a reflection of that person’s soul. Natural phenonemons were more or less personified. To get to the roots of supernatural beliefs, it is necessary to look at the roots of philosophy. Bernard McGinn, author of The Growth of Mysticism, said that in the ancient Mediterranean world philosophy was defined as, â€Å"the love of wisdom, to express the highest mode of human life, one dedicated to more than the ordinary tasks of survival and self-aggrandizement† (32). The Middle Ages began around the fifth century, when the Roman Empire disintegrated and Christendom began to take shape. The people th... ... Simeoni, Manuela. "European Pagan Memory Day." The Canon Episcopi and the Beginning of the Matter about Witches. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Nov. 2013. Trachtenberg, Joshua. "Jewish Magic and Superstition: 1. The Legend of Jewish Sorcery." Jewish Magic and Superstition: 1. The Legend of Jewish Sorcery. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Nov. 2013. Trachtenberg, Joshua. "Jewish Magic and Superstition: 2. The Truth Behind The Legend." Jewish Magic and Superstition: 2. The Truth Behind The Legend. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Nov. 2013. Trueman, Chris. "The Black Death of 1348 to 1350." The Black Death of 1348 to 1350. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Nov. 2013. Williamson, Allen. "Joan of Arc, Brief Biography." Joan of Arc, Brief Biography. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Nov. 2013. Wolchover, Natalie. "The Surprising Origins of 9 Common Superstitions." LiveScience.com. TechMedia Network, 19 Sept. 2011. Web. 14 Nov. 2013.

Chromatography Essay -- Essays Papers

Chromatography is a method of separating and analyzing complicated substances. This is done in two phases, a mobile phase and a stationary phase .During the stationary phase, said substance is stationary, while during the mobile phase, the substance moves in a specific direction. During the mobile phase, the substance is filtered through the stationary phase. The stationary phase in necessary in order for the substances to be separated even though it doesn?t involve movement of the substance because it filters the substance through the stationary phase.. Since the substance is made of different, specific substances, each can go though the process of chromatography at different rates. This causes the components of the substance to be moved over materials made for absorption at different times. This makes the different components of the substance absorb at different rates. This is done numerous times and is a very precise method of separation. This process can be used to separate a w ide variety of things, and can be used to separate most volatile or soluble substances. This process is used many like because it is gentle enough to separate delicate solutions, like those of proteins. There are many types of chromatography, the types of which are as follows: Gas Chromatography, Liquid Chromatography, Ion Exchange Chromatography, and Affinity Chromatography . Gas Chromatography uses a pressurized gas camber to filter gasses by either thermal conductivity or flame ionization. There are three types of gas chromatography: capillary gas chromatography, gas adsorption chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography. Capillary gas chromatography used more often than any other type of gas chromatography. In this form of chromatography... ...ntro to Chromatography." 25 Feb. 2008 Environ/CHROMO/chromintro.html> Carrier, Rebecca, and Julia Bordanaro. "Gas Chromatology." 25 Feb. 2008 Carrier, Rebecca, and Julia Bordonaro. "Liquid Chromatography." 25 Feb. 2008 Carrier, Rebecca, and Julia Bordanaro. "Ion Exchange Chromatography." 25 Feb. 2008 Carrier, Rececca, and Julia Bordonaro. "Affinity Chromatography." 25 Feb. 2008 "Chromatography." Shaffald Hallam University. 25 Feb. 2008

Leadership Style Essay

Manama Logistics Company (MLC) has hired you to supervise the company’s move from downtown Manama to Isa Town. It is expected that there will be some discontentment amongst staff (as listed in the case study) It is important that you understand the different types of leadership styles, and decide what would be the best styles for you to use in the situations outlined in the case study. It is important to remember that different styles are necessary for different situations. Leadership issues are often influenced by behaviour patterns. People (supervisors and workers) generally display behaviours that are aggressive, passive or assertive. Research these three behaviours so you understand the traits of each and can describe how they relate to supervision and leadership issues. In your report to the Board describe the leadership styles you have chosen and give justification for them. You will need to identify more than one style, and give examples of when each is appropriate to use. There are four main leadership styles, and several other recognised styles. Check with your tutor if you are not sure if you have identified the main styles. You need to identify these four main styles and one other relevant leadership method, so you have a deeper understanding of leadership behaviours in various situations, and identify what is effective and what is not and why. Use APA referencing and in-text referencing throughout your Progress Report. For your first Progress Report: 1. PART A – as a group Describe the following behaviours: a. Aggressive b. Passive c. Assertive Give examples of how people display these behaviours – include words, attitudes and non verbal body language. Identify and research the four main leadership styles * describe what each style is. * explain generaly what type of situation it is appropriate to use them * describe the advantages and disadvantages of each style * give examples from the case study of when each one might be appropriate PART B – Individual Contribution(20 marks) Write around 300 – 500 words looking at different leadership styles. Define two different leadership styles, (other than the four identified earlier above).(10 marks /5 each) Give 5 advantages and 5 disadvantages for using both of these leadership styles. (10 marks /1 each) TURNITIN SUBMISSION You must submit only ONE copy of the group progress report (Chairperson may do this and include their individual contribution with the group report). Other group members need to submit their individual contribution via Moodle, using Turnitin by 23:59 hours on Saturday 21 September. You will need to use your own words in your report to ensure you do not exceed the permitted 30% of copied material. Please note: if you don’t reference your resources, you will get a 0% for your progress report. PART C – Individual Forum Posting Each student is required to submit a forum posting once per module. The timing, completion and quality of these postings will contribute to 15% of your individual assessment. Posting 1 due to be completed by Thursday 12 September before 2.00pm.(17 marks) Write around 300 – 400 words covering: * which behaviour you think is the best communication style to use if you were the supervisor for Manama Logistics Company. Justify why. * look up and explain one additional style other than the three (assertive, aggressive, passive) already mentioned * Complete the Hot Potatoes exercise on Moodle ————————————————- Marking Schedule for Problem One: Leadership Styles Group Name †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Each Progress Report is marked out of 100% contributing to a total weighting of 35% of the final mark. Progress Report 1 Group Protocols and Leadership Styles| | | Team protocols completed and signed by all members of the team Ensure a group name with ID and names of all group members is included.| | 4| | Behaviours: aggressive, passive, and assertive are defined| 3 marks each behav| 9| | Examples of how behaviours are displayed are explained (including words, attitudes and nonverbal body language| 3 marks each behav| 9| | Four leadership styles are described in detail.| 4 marks each style| 16| | Describe where it is generally appropriate to use the 4 leadership styles eg military| 3 marks each style| 12| | Advantages of 4 leadership styles are discussed| 2 marks ea| 8| | Disadvantages of 4 leadership styles are discussed| 2 marks e a| 8| | What leadership style does your group recommend they use for the move to overcome staff resistance to the change – use the 7 case study examples (traffic issues, further to travel, new training requirements etc) and the leadership style your group recommends| 2 marks ea| 14| | GROUP TOTAL | | 80| *| All Individual contributions are handed in and are relevant and comprehensive as per marking guide.| | 20| + * See Below| Total:| | 100| = * See Below| Comments: NAME*GROUP TOTAL+*INDIVIDUAL TOTAL= /100

High School Drop Out

Rates Are Increasing Many young adults view high school as a new territory with more advanced classes, more students, but other students only view the negative side of high school , rather than the positive. What most young adults do not understand is that when they choose to dropout of their high school, it is only stealing valuable knowledge from them. It is obvious that the high school drop out rate is increasing rapidly. Why might the rate of high school students be increasing, and why do students make such a dramatic change on their life? Also read: Should Boarding Schools Be AbolishedSome of this may result from the lack of parental guidance, bullying in our high schools, or teen pregnancy? First of all, parental guidance can be the most important element in a student’s education. Students who lack parental guidance have a greater chance of tossing his or her education away compared to those students who receive the help, support and positive guidance from their parents. Many high school students who lack a positive parental guidance to support his or her education, causing the rate of high school dropouts to increase.Not having a parental guidance causes student, to not take an education important and seriously, because they see their parents not showing any interest in their schooling as well. Parents can take action in their child’s education by keeping track of their grades, attending parent teacher conferences, or participating in more school activities. When students have parents who participate i n their child’s education that child is more likely to graduate from his or her high school. Another reason our high school dropout rates are increasing rapidly, is do to the fact of school bullying.School bullying is a type of bullying that occurs in connection with education, either inside or outside of the school. Bullying can be verbal, physical, or emotional and is usually repeated over a period of time. Bullying causes students to have a low self-esteem about themselves and may feel as if no one cares about them. School bullying can also occur in any part of a school building including, on buses, classrooms, even in sports. School bullying has become to be a serious problem in our schools system. The number one effect that bullying has on high school students, is students dropping out. Last,

Chiang Kai-shek Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Chiang Kai-shek - Essay Example Although many critics blame him for the atrocities committed during his regime, many people greatly appreciate his achievements with regard to the country’s economic development. Â   The early years of Chiang Kai-shek were not very smooth but he managed to attend the Japanese Military Staff College. After completing his military education, he served in the Japanese Imperial Army for a number of years. A staunch supporter of Sun Yat-sen, Kai-shek returned to China in 1911 to help in the creation of the nationalists’ army. Sun Yat-sen chose Chiang Kai-shek as a leader of the Guomindang’s Military Academy which was situated in Whampoa2. In the course of time, the he was sent to Moscow to study about the organization of Red Army for a period of six months. As a leader of Guomindang, Chiang favoured his former workmates at Whampoa and consequently appointed them in various ranks within the Guomindang. Sun Yat-sen died in 1925 and there arose a power struggle among his possible successors as noted by Guangdi3. At the death of Sun yat-sen, Chiang was a right wing while Wang Jingwei, Sun Yat-sen’s comrade-in-arms, was a left wing adherent. Wang succeeded Sun Yat-sen as the national government’s Chairman as noted by Shieh4. Chiang was in a better position to succeed him because he was the leader of the Guomindang army. He was seen as a more suitable leader for the position because his disciplined and loyal army was more likely to fight for him rather than fight for others. Politically, Chiang was in a central position in China which gave him the capacity to control a wide region. He organised a fierce campaign against Guomindang warlords and consolidated his leadership position in 19265. He went further to control Nanking, Ca nton, and Beijing which were the most important Chinese cities at the time. During his tenure as government chairman, he served as party

Wal-Mart analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Wal-Mart analysis - Research Paper Example The paper describes the Wal-Mart company in general. This company is also the largest grocery retailer in United States and deals with diverse ranges of product lines. Wal-Mart mainly operates in 17 different countries. It is identified that both US and UK follow a free market approach that does not impose any regulation on business expansion. According to this concept, the government has only a distant role in market regulation. In contrast, China has adopted a more restrictive approach so as to preserve the interests of its traditional traders. Although, China possesses world’s largest potential market, the strict market regulations adversely affect Wal-Mart’s business interests. As compared to Chinese market, Indian market covers the features of both capitalism and a socialistic market economy. This mixed market system provides equal power to industrialists and government over the market. Like in the case of US and UK, Japan maintains a free market system so as to en courage national as well as international traders. Japan’s industrialized economy is the third largest in the world. According to Daniels, Radebaugh, Sullivan, and Salwan, different nations follow different market systems and regulations. This varied market structures raise many challenges to Wal-Mart Stores because the organization is forced to restructure its marketing policies in accordance with the trade laws of the nations in which it operates. The sources of political risk for the countries in which the Wal-Mart has its presence vary. For instance, the organization operates in Pakistan where political conflicts and terrorism are at its peak. Such a political atmosphere is not beneficial for a multinational company like Wal-Mart because the political instability would seriously impinge on the firm’s marketing operations. Similarly, China is a communist country that strongly opposes capitalistic ideologies. Under this situation, the Wal-Mart cannot function effecti vely in China since the communist perceptions of Chinese government does not fit with the capitalistic interests of the organization. In this way, the Wal-Mart may face different political threats from its various foreign markets. Therefore, it is recommendable for the company to select foreign market segments carefully while dealing with international expansion. The above said political constraints prevent the organization from developing its product lines and business strategies in the target country. 4. Many groups of individuals possess shares in Wal-Mart and these stakeholders can be mainly categorized under two heads such as market and non-market stakeholders. A market stakeholder has an economic stake in what the company does; whereas a non-market stakeholder possesses a political stake. It is obvious that market stakeholders always aim at their economic benefits. Since both these groups contribute to the operational requirements of the company, Wal-Mart’s stakeholders must get benefits that are adequate to cover the risk elements they have taken. In the view of Brigham and Ehrhardt (2011, p.572), since investment opportunities and earnings of an international company vary from year to year, it will have to make great efforts to maintain stable dividend distribution. Hence, the shareholder satisfaction is a

Argumentative research paper arguing how negativly the meadia

Argumentative arguing how negativly the meadia influences the masses during times of war - Research Paper Example Yet, both politics and journalism make claims to a standard of objectivity that often hides the political bias in the construction of â€Å"social fact†. It is through shared communication methods such as literature, newspapers, the internet, tv news, etc. that people in modern societies form their views on complex political issues that may affect the lives of millions. Nowhere is this more exemplified than in issues of international relations or foreign policies, and the conduct of war – which has led nations across the world into millions of deaths and untold destruction primarily through the dissemination of political views and ideologies throughout large populations that permitted organized military violence by the State. In general, the television news and newspapers frame the discourse by publishing a type of collective debate between opposing viewpoints as they relate to current events and pertinent issues of social governance in a democracy. As Noam Chomsky writ es in â€Å"The Culture of Terrorism,† "The leveling of discourse within the ideological system is an extremely important matter. Part of the genius of American democracy has been to ensure that isolated individuals face concentrated state and private power alone, without the support of an organizational structure that can assist them in thinking for themselves or entering into meaningful political action, and with few avenues for public expression of fact or analysis that might challenge approved doctrine...adherence to doctrinal truth confers substantial reward: not only acceptance within the system of power and a ready path to privilege, but also the inestimable advantage of freedom from the onerous demands of thought, inquiry and argument. Conformity frees one from the burden of evidence, and rational argument is superfluous while one is marching in an approved parade.† (Chomsky, 1988) The media act as a â€Å"fourth branch† of government, essential to the he althy functioning of a democracy systematically. Minority political groups may be forced to resort to other means to organize their viewpoints and distribute them popularly if they cannot gain mass-media access, but there is little practical guarantee that minority communication channels can compete with mass-media communication networks that dominate the public construction of issues debated in modern societies politically. This is one way that political hegemony may operate in repressing views unfavorable to the status quo of hierarchical power distributions. The media never covers a war neutrally with just the facts. They report stories or fabricate ones that they believe will gain ratings or sell papers. This is the definition of â€Å"Yellow Journalism,† and it can be seen historically as the way that the public was rallied to war, from the early days of Theodore Roosevelt’s â€Å"Rough Rider† raids on Cuba to the modern conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. F rom the establishment of the news empire by William Randolph Hearst, mass-media news sources increasingly pursued a centralized, corporate model of operations that mirror in many ways the development of the superpowers themselves. The Hearst papers had the budget required to â€Å"

My experience and the impact of growing up with a parent with a Essay

My experience and the impact of growing up with a parent with a disability - Essay Example The first teacher in any child’s life is the parent; the parent provides life lessons that will be useful in a child’s life. Most children do not spend quality time with their parents due to tight working schedules. My mother’s disability has restricted her movement; thus, she spends most of her time at home. Having a flexible schedule meant that my mother was always there for me. She assisted me in my studies and taught me that having a positive attitude in life would make me stronger. I was taught never to give up and never shy away from assistance as it always leads to success (Ostalecki 47). Having a disabled mother has made me a social person. My mother ensured that I made friends in my life to help me deal with challenges that I faced. I help my mother by doing errands at home and assisting her with any challenges she may encounter. Through my mother, I have learned the importance of existing in a society where people love and care for others. I have also learned that traits like humility and kindness are valuable for any individual in society. Having a disabled mother has made me a self reliant individual. Although my mother has been there for me emotionally, her disability restricts her from helping me with physical activities. This made me learn and adapt to caring for myself and helping her with physical activities in the house. Compared to other students in my age group, I am capable of doing many basic chores without any assistance. Doing chores and caring for my mother has made me gain physical and emotional strength (Ostalecki 89). I and my mother are close, and we shared a lot as I grew up. Every time I have a troubling issue, I consult her, and she is always there to give me advice. Through her experience, she teaches me to be courageous and never give up. She insists that it is always beneficial to hope when faced with any challenge in life. Her disability has made her strong

The Administrations for Children Services New York City Essay

The Administrations for Children Services New York City - Essay Example The organization is currently in the process of implementing innovative procedures that should optimistically show its effect on the organization's work. Will this be sufficient to addressing the problem How efficient will the organization be after all the changes The paper will in detail confer the potential positive outcome of the restructured organization. The paper will also analyze the media's effect on the expedited renovations to the system. In order to more fully understand the current status of the ACS, a brief synopsis of its history is necessary. On January 10, 1996, for the first time in New York City history, an agency "devoted solely to serving children and their families" was established.1 The ACS mission is to "ensure the safety, permanency and well-being of the 1.8 million children in New York City and to strengthen families."2 In order to achieve this, several key areas of responsibility were established by Nicholas Scoppetta the agency's first commissioner. These include: In order to achieve these aims the agency put several processes in place including: reduced caseloads for workers, increased training and compensation packages, fostered improved interagency cooperation between various government agencies including Family court, the Department of Education and the various police agencies within the city and streamlined the record keeping system and automated it into a streamlined mode using latest technology. Additionally the ACS established in 2001 an intake facility solely dedicated to those children entering the foster care system, initiated a clinical consultation team to specifically work on cases involving physical abuse, substance abuse and mental health services and developed an intricate system to measure level and quality of services provided to children and their families. This system known as EQUIP (the Evaluation and Quality Improvement Protocol) was designed to evaluate all phases of the ACS system including: "processes, outcomes and quality."4 Finally, ACS instituted a comprehensive service review plan to ensure timely meetings within required time frames are conducted for each case. Yet, with all the innovative programs purported to be instituted children are still 'slipping through the cracks' - too often with deadly