The Effect Of Kinesics On Listening Comprehension

Running head: KINESICS’ EFFECT ON LISTENING COMPREHENSION The Impact of Kinesics on the Listening Comprehension of Iranian EFL Female Learners Purebrahim Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch Professor: Dr. Fall, 2014 Abstract The present study analyzed the effect of kinesics on listening comprehension of pre- intermediate Iranian EFL learners. Two classes of EFL female students were selected for the study, class A with 15 students had audio-visual films, containing kinesics for listening but group B, got tapes with the same content. Two listening tests were performed using a tape and a video, the first test was 27 minutes, and the second test was 29 minutes. Results of the study showed the positive effect of kinesics in listening comprehension. The results showed that comprehension was higher among students who had video-oriented tests. Introduction Review of literature Nowadays English has become a common feature in today’s society. In the language learning process, even in first language acquisition (L1), all aspects of linguistic comprehension precede, or facilitate, linguistic production (Brown, 2000, P. 34). Among 4 language skills, Bulletin (1952) suggested that listening is the most important and essential one. Lynch mentions that â€Å" listening involves the integration of whatever cues the listener is able to exploit incoming auditory and visual information, as well as information drawnShow MoreRelated The effect of the use of video texts on ESL listening test-taker performance1510 Words   |  7 PagesElvis Wagner investigated the use of video texts in testing the listening of ESL students within the experiment exhibited in his article, â€Å"The effect of the use of video texts on ESL listening test-taker performance.† While the article itself was based heavily around the experiment conducted to tes t the effectiveness of video texts in testing listening, Wagner posed very interesting questions which he hoped his findings would portray. Wagner’s first question was the most interesting and asked,Read MorePublic Speaking Midterm1449 Words   |  6 PagesRemember items may be included on the exam even if they were not specifically identified on this study guide. The exam is worth 100 points and will consist of both multiple choice, true/false, and short answer questions. The aim is to test your comprehension of the material covered in class more than your memorization of terms. The exam will begin promptly at the beginning of class on THURSDAY, FEBRURARY 23rd Chapter 1 What are the similarities and differences between public speaking and conversationRead MoreTheory Of Leadership : A Leader s Ability Essay1985 Words   |  8 Pagestheir interpersonal influence. Identifying the kind of leadership trends and theories necessary for functioning in a team effort to direct solutions in assisting residents impacted by a calamity, it will further identify both the communication and listening styles necessary for addressing the issues in the scenario. Furthermore, it will distinguish the social networking as well as, technology, communications required for responding to the crisis, it will incorporate and identify the leadership perspectiveRead MoreWbut Syllabus 1st Sem11442 Words   |  46 PagesTalk and Class Discussion. 8. The teacher must function as a creative monitor in the Language Lab for the following: A. Developing Listening Comprehension Skill; 1. 2. 3. 4. B. a) Developing Listening Comprehension through Language Lab Device Developing sub skills of the Listening Skill by Conversational Practice Sessions Focusing on intelligent and advanced Listening Sessions e.g. Seminars, Paper Presentation, Mock Interviews etc. Conducting Conversational Practice: Face to Face Via Media (TelephoneRead MoreSociology and Group41984 Words   |  168 Pagesrepresents group communication as defined in the textbook? a. People talking in an elevator. b. People discussing the weather at an airport. c. Fans cheering at a baseball game. d. Jury members deliberating a court case. e. A congregation listening to a sermon. Answer: d. Jury members deliberating a court case. . A group with 7 members has the potential for _______ different types of interactions. a. 9 b. 90 c. 666 d. 900 e. 966 Answer: e. 966 . What is the ideal group size for aRead MoreThe Importance of Teaching Culture in the Foreign Language Classroom9379 Words   |  38 Pagesutterances; 4. caregivers’ primary concern is not with grammatical input, but with the 5. transmission of sociocultural knowledge; 6. the native learner, in addition to language, acquires also the 7. paralinguistic patterns and the kinesics of his or her culture. The implications of Buttjes’ findings for the teaching of culture are evident. Language teaching is culture teaching and teachers do their students a great disservice in placing emphasis on the former, to the detriment of

Steve Jobs And Its Impact On The World - 2190 Words

The world was introduced with innovation and futuristic ideas by Steve jobs and he is a well reputed innovator all over the world. The Life of Steve jobs was full of his creativity and ideas towards the digital world. The ideas are perceived as good and bad by many people in the world but still the world is using the blessings of this great creator. Many people argue that Steve was not an intellectual person but yet they use his innovations and promote them as the most innovative one. â€Å"Steve Jobs was an intellectual; person and his innovations for digital world are the speaker of his intellectuality.† Steve Jobs vision of a computer for the rest of us flashed the PC revolution and made Apple an icon of American business. But some people†¦show more content†¦Inspired by Jobs, Hewlett gave him the parts, as well as offered him a mid-year entry level position at Hewlett-Packard. It was there that Jobs met and become friends with Steve Wozanaik, a youthful designer five years his senior with an affinity for tinkering. After graduating from high school, Jobs enrolled in Reed College in Portland, Ore. but dropped out after one semester. (Staff) He had become fascinated by Eastern spiritualism and took a part-time job designing video games for Atari in order to finance a trip to India to study Eastern culture and religion. At the point when Jobs came back to the U.S., he recharged his kinship with Wozniak, who had been attempting to fabricate a little PC. To Wozniak, it was only a pastime; however the visionary Jobs got a handle on the promoting capability of such a gadget and persuaded Wozniak to start a new business with him. In 1975, the 20-year-old Jobs and Wozniak set up shop in Jobs guardians carport, named the endeavor Apple, and started chipping away at the model of the Apple I. (traits, 2015) To create the $1,350 in capital they used to begin Apple, Steve Jobs sold his Volkswagen microbus, and Steve Wozniak sold his Hewlett-Packard number cruncher. Although the Apple I sold mainly to hobbyists, it generated enough cash to enable Jobs and Wozniak to improve and refine their design. In 1977, they introduced the Apple II -- the first personal computer with color graphics and a keyboard. Designed for beginners the

Jewish Identity in The Mandlebaum Gate Essay - 2555 Words

Explore conflicting accounts of Jewish Identity in The Mandlebaum Gate. The Mandlebaum Gate is a novel by Muriel Spark set in the territories of Jerusalem and Jordan during the Eichmann Trials. Within the novel there is a character Barbara Vaughan who is a Gentile Jewess. She travels within Israel and Jordan on a pilgrimage to see the holy shrines and has various adventures and encounters during her trip. It is clear from the first few pages of the novel that Jewish identity is a key theme and continues to be as such throughout. The first chapter Freddys Walk immediately helps to set the scene as we see him travelling through the amazing alleys of the Orthodox Quarter of Israels Jerusalem[1] During this chapter†¦show more content†¦As soon as Barbara reveals her identity Freddy immediately begins to take note of the Jewishness of her appearance, something dark and intense beyond her actual shape and colouring[6] and seems to feel uncomfortable with her until he is able to share an English giggle with her about the wine served in Jerusalem, which is always lukewarm. This reaction to Judaism by Freddy suggests it is something to be ashamed of or uncomfortable with, although as the novel progresses it seems as though Freddy is more at ease with Jews. It has been suggested that the inclusion of seemingly straightforward characters such as Freddy Hamilton, who act against there typical stereotypes is a device to maintain a sense of disruption[7]. This disruption heightens the sense of conflict which radiates from Barbara Vaughans tumultuous, confused identity. The second chapter of The Mandlebaum Gate is titled Barbara Vaughans Identity. Within this we are introduced to Barbaras inner quandary which centres on her origins and how they position her in the world, the split identity of Barbara Vaughan reverberates throughout the novel[8]. Whilst travelling within Jerusalem she is constantly questioned about her Judaism. When asked about her origins Barbara

Dancers Nutrition Essay - 989 Words

Dancer’s nutrition To be a healthy and successful dancer you need a balanced diet to ensure your body has maximum energy. A massive part of a dancer’s health is what they consume and the nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, protein, vitamins, minerals, fibre and water that they take in through these foods. The amount of these nutrients that are in the food we eat varies a lot so we need to make sure we eat a variety of different foods to fulfil the body’s requirements of all nutrients. The five main types of food that we need to eat are Fat and sugar; Milk and dairy; Meat, fish and alternatives; Bread, cereal and potatoes; Fruit and vegetables. The first but smallest section of a healthy diet is Fat and sugar, in order to maintain a†¦show more content†¦If you don’t take enough calcium on a regular basis, there is a greater risk of suffering from stress fractures during your dance career, and osteoporosis when you are older. Foods such as milk, cheese and yoghurt should be consumed in the right amount. The next section is Meat, fish and alternatives. A main source of iron is found in these foods. Iron is an important mineral, which is essential in keeping the body healthy. It is necessary for the dancer for maximum energy and peak performance. A lack of iron can leave you feeling tired and prone to infections. If the condition gets worse, more dramatic symptoms may develop such as severe fatigue, cramps, headaches, shortness of breath, poor stamina and feeling the cold more than usual. Therefore it is vital that dancers consume about 12% meat, fish and alternatives on a regular basis to make sure that they have full energy to dance and they don’t fall ill. Lean red meat is the best source of iron because it has haem iron in it, which is well absorbed by the body. Red meat has double the iron as chicken and three times as much iron as fish. Generally, the darker the colour of the meat the more iron it contains and the more energy is provides. The fourth section of a dancers diet is Bread, Cereal and potatoes and a massive 33% should be consumed to ensure a balanced diet for aShow MoreRelatedHow Do A Diet Efficient Or Not?1455 Words   |  6 PagesFor a dancer in training, the bones must be strong and flexible; muscles must be toned and powerful as it will enable the body to be used at the maximum capacity when needed. Energy is a key aspect in a dancer’s training. The body performs at its best when filled with the proper fuel ((Alben, 2016). The production of energy for the body derives from food so for a dancer to keep up with physical demands an efficient diet is needed. This should consist of a balance of carbohydrates, proteins, fats

A History Of Rape Essay Research Paper free essay sample

A History Of Rape Essay, Research Paper Amongst the ancient Hebrews, who flourished about 1000 B.C. adult females were portrayed as more sexual than work forces, and their position was inferior to that of work forces. Sexual activities were supposed to be confined to one # 8217 ; s partner, but adult females who failed to continue these regulations was dealt with more badly than those by males because adult females were considered to be adult male # 8217 ; s belongings. The Judaic jurisprudence of that clip was defined as criminal conversation, and was punishable by decease. Harmonizing to the Hebrews, criminal conversation referred merely to a married adult female # 8217 ; s sexual intercourse with a adult male other than her hubby. A adult male who had intercourse with another adult male # 8217 ; s married woman was charged merely with the misdemeanor of the hubby # 8217 ; s belongings rights. While the penalty was terrible, the adult male did non have the decease punishment, merely the adult female did. So, if a adult male committed the offense of colza ( as we know it today ) the adult female, or # 8220 ; belongings # 8221 ; , was put to decease and the adult male escaped with a terrible penalty, but non decease. The thought that adult females were belongings is besides reflected in some Old Testament views sing harlotry and colza. Because a adult female belonged to a adult male, colza was considered larceny. A adult male who raped the girl of another adult male could shrive the state of affairs by either paying the male parent, or get marrieding the girl. It wasn # 8217 ; t a offense for a male parent to sell sexual entree of his girl to other work forces. However, if a adult female chose to hold sexual dealingss with other work forces, and deprived her male parent of the fee, she committed a capital offense! This discourtesy could ensue in the girl of an ordinary citizen being stoned to decease. If the girl of a priest committed such an discourtesy, the priest could bespeak t he girl to be put to decease by fire. Girls who had sex ( or raped ) before the age of 12 had their penalty postponed until their 12th birthday, at which they were so stoned to decease. In 1486, two German theologists, Sprenger and Kramer published a book called Malleus Maleficarum which diagnosed processs of placing witchery. Of these processs a adult female was susceptible to witchcraft because of her animal ( sexual ) lecherousness. This book expressed the dangers of adult females # 8217 ; s lecherousness and their moral depredations. Because of this on turning fright of the temptations and evil # 8217 ; s of a adult female # 8217 ; s gender in the fifteenth and 16th centuries, the effort to # 8220 ; salvage # 8221 ; the community took the signifier of enchantress Hunts. A male could, hence # 8220 ; take # 8221 ; a adult female, and because the people of this clip period believed that the adult female was evil with her seductions, the consequence of today # 8217 ; s offen se of sexual assault would ensue in her decease and the adult male # 8217 ; s cleaning of the psyche. In the 19th century, when the Industrial Revolution created a in-between category, the functions of males and females began to go detached. The ruling sexual ideals of this clip was called Victorianism. During this clip period adult females were expected to be inactive and emotional and to concern themselves merely with their proper topographic point, the place. In contrast to the center ages where adult females lured work forces to perpetrate wickedness, in the 19th century the incrimination for lecherousness was straight put on work forces. It was during this period that a adult female # 8217 ; s morality, gustatory sensation, and feelings were more developed than work forces. Therefore, the development towards today # 8217 ; s sexual assault Torahs began to turn. Men get down to go more apt for their functions in sexual assault towards adult females. The Victorian epoch was so influential that until late many adult females attempted to conceal their sexual involvement and worried about # 8220 ; animalistic # 8221 ; feelings. During the first portion of the century, work forces believed that it took alot of attempt to pursuade a adult female to hold sex, and that it took more work to acquire her aroused and orgasmic. The Kinsey group and Masters and Johnson helped, through their research, to partly switch these positions. Today, in some circles, females are seen as sexual, and some argue that females are more capable of sexual response than males are. Masters and Johnson suggest that adult females are more sexual than work forces because of their ability to hold multiple climaxs. We have non wholly escaped the early clip beliefs where adult females were thought to hold charming powers over work forces because of adult females # 8217 ; s seductiveness. For illustration, the stating # 8220 ; a adult female # 8217 ; s intuition # 8221 ; gives the thoug ht that adult females # 8217 ; s power of perceptual experience exceed those of work forces. The thought that adult females provoke colza by luring work forces beyond their capableness to command themselves # 8211 ; a belief that degrades both adult females and work forces # 8211 ; is still accepted by many modern-day North Americans. Today, every province in the United States has a jurisprudence against sexual assault or colza, yet the specific definition of the offense varies. In fact, in 1974 Michigan became the first province to do a colza reform jurisprudence that was intended to extinguish the century old myths and legal tra ditions that were applied to the offense of colza. Since 1974, all 50 provinces have modified their sexual assault Torahs. The reforms include the undermentioned ends: 1 ) To increase the likeliness of describing assault, every bit good as the apprehension and strong belief rates. 2 ) To do the legal criterion for sexual assault consistent with those for other offenses. 3 ) To increase control over determinations made in the criminal-justice system. 4 ) To protect victims from take downing intervention during colza tests by restricting cross- scrutiny. 5 ) To sensitise and educate society about the position and rights of adult females. There are many provinces that do non utilize the term colza any longer because of it # 8217 ; s intension of forced penile-vaginal incursion. The term sexual assault is now used so that it implies coercive sexual contact. Many provinces have besides re-written their Torahs so that the footings are gender-neutral and can do the wrongdoer to be either male or female. Finally, matrimonial position has been stricken as a defence against sexual assault. My sentiment of the development from the ancient Hebrews to today # 8217 ; s sexual assault Torahs is that adult females as victims have surely come a long manner! Womans are now able to do an call when the offense of sexual assault occurs, and have the agencies to which they can convey the culprit ( if found ) to justness. However, colza tests can be every bit humiliating as the sexual assault itself. With this in head, unluckily many adult females choose non to even talk of the incident. In my sentiment, the construct of males being victims of sexual assault has brought today # 8217 ; s society back to the times of the ancient Hebrews. It seems that the functions of males v. females have # 8220 ; flip-flopped # 8221 ; and it is now the sentiment that males can non be raped. I believe this to be really untrue. In fact, in the Arab states, when a individual is caught irrupting in a hareem the individual is turned over to slaves to be used for their sexual pleasance. Rape of confined soldiers in war is common among the Arabs, Persians, Greeks, an d Romans. This tradition, that has been around for centuries, continues harmonizing to the International Commission of Geneva. In the Middle East Americans arrested on drug charges are chained by the mortise joint to a bed in prison and are left there for 24 hours to be raped by inmates. In America, Judgess often sentence immature first clip wrongdoers to a really short prison term, such as 30 to 90 yearss, followed by five or more old ages probation. One must inquire when this is done if the justice hasn # 8217 ; t sent the felon to prison merely long plenty to be raped before he is released. One could see how this tactic would surely discourage a condemnable from future offense! These signifiers of colza of males are used as penalty. There are many ways for work forces to be raped, and it # 8217 ; s a fact, even though many people in the U.S. garbage to believe that it could happen. Even though there are many alterations that could be made, I believe the alterations from the anc ient Hebrews, to the Victorian epoch and the Industrial Revolution to today have been for the better. For the work forces nevertheless, I am loath to believe they feel the same. I believe the jurisprudence was the manner it was because of society # 8217 ; s readings of the bible during scriptural times. Women was considered subservient to work forces hence adult females were considered adult male # 8217 ; s belongings. It would look merely natural in society # 8217 ; s position, during those periods that adult females could non claim sexual maltreatment. I believe that the jurisprudence throughout history has changed as a consequence of society # 8217 ; s altering reading of faith, the Victorian and Industrial period ( where adult females # 8217 ; s functions became more profound ) , to the adult females # 8217 ; s motion which demanded equality. To an exceeding grade biass against adult females have been reduced since scriptural times, a force that I believe is surely a facto r in the development from which adult females were considered enchantresss to the term sexual assault. The inquiry of what alterations may be necessary to better today # 8217 ; s sexual assault Torahs may include some of the undermentioned suggestions: 1 ) Continuing instruction on the offense of sexual assault through the usage of prime-time telecasting commercials, and docudramas. 2 ) Continuing instruction through the usage of wireless. 3 ) Alternatively of cyberspace # 8220 ; pop-ups # 8221 ; , which seem to be an irritation that we can # 8217 ; t seem to acquire rid of, use the # 8220 ; pop-ups # 8221 ; for community instruction alternatively of being used to lure aberrant sexual behavior. 4 ) Stress that work forces can be victims, every bit good as adult females, of sexual assault. 5 ) Encourage victims of sexual assault to describe sexual assault discourtesies. 6 ) Educate the populace of their rights against the misdemeanor of sexual assault and guarantee the victims that humiliation is non directed at the victim, the accused is the focal point of humiliation. 7 ) Make # 6 a pattern, for Judgess to uphold, in all courtrooms.

One More Time How do you Motivate Employees

Question: Discuss about One more time: How do you motivate employees by Frederick Herzberg? Answer: The article being reviewed was written by the famous management writer Frederick Herzberg. Professor Herzberg was a distinguished professor at the University of Utah and was associated with the department of management studies. He was also a distinguished professor and the head of the department of psychology in the Western Reserves University in 1968, when this article was published (Herzberg, 1968). The article highlights the many strategies and policies that are designed, implemented and followed by the higher managements of various organizations so as to get what they want from their employees. The process of motivating an employee to perform his regular duties at the job is perhaps the most monotonous job that the management has to perform. The higher management of every organization is continuously in search of ways in which their employees can be motivated: there has been no well formulated permanent answer to this question as none of the strategies implemented so far has been able to provide a complete remedy to this problem. Until now innumerable theories, strategies and policies have been applied by organizations so as motivate their employees, some of these have even been successful to meet their purpose, but none of them provide the desired result in a long term basis. Professor Herzberg starts this article with the very same question that has been asked to him several times by the managements of various organizations, and also admits that the psychology that works behind entire process of the organizations trying to motivate their employees and the negative response of the employees towards all such attempts is indeed very complex. He sarcastically formulates the theory of KITA or the KICK IN THE ASS as the ultimate policy of moving an employee and making him do his job as and when required by the management. However, the author does not forget to make his point clear while formulating the theory of KITA: he expresses his firm belief that the primary aim of organizations is not to force their employees into doing things each and every time; instead the organizations should be looking at solutions which would be far more dignified a d wood actually generate a sense of responsibility and ownership towards the jobs that they perform. In the following sections the author describes some of the mythological strategies that are still employed by various organizations so as to motivate their employees into performing their own duties: strategies being reducing the number of hours an employee needs to be present at work, the various types of increments in payments, different reward systems implemented by the organizations and so on. However, Professor Herzberg is of the opinion that all the above mentioned strategies had been unsuccessful at motivating the employees due to a very basic reason: the management had been so far overlooking a prime factor, namely the dissatisfaction of the workers at the work place. In this context, the author also clearly states that although in our semantic languages the opposite of job satisfaction would be job dissatisfaction, yet in the real world the two words have a very different relationship. In the real world, the opposite of job satisfaction would be no job satisfaction and that of job dissatisfaction would be no job dissatisfaction. According to this theory, when researches are being conducted on this particular domain, the factors behind the job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction of employees that are to be studied and analyzed need to be differentiated at first, as there exists no correlation in between these two factors. The author also uses a triangle of philosophie s in this context, which can be used in personnel management: the three sides of the triangle depicts some motivators factors which can be used so as to manipulate the employees I performing their job. The last section of the article is dedicated to the principles and strategies of job enrichment which has been developed by the incorporation of various strategies taken by organization that had actually been successful in motivating their employees. One of these principles is known as job loading. According to the author, job loading can be differentiated into two types; the horizontal job loading and the vertical job loading. While the vertical job loading is associated with providing motivator factors to the employee, the horizontal job loading mainly increases the target of the employee instead of giving them scopes for growth. An enterprise which has been successful in motivating its employees must put in a right mix of these two sets of job overloading for achieving the success. Lastly, the author suggests the steps that should be ideally implemented by an organization so as to enrich the jobs and motivate the employees in performing those. References: Herzberg, F. (1968). One more time: How do you motivate employees?Harvard Business Review, (September-October 1987). Retrieved from https://synchronit.com/downloads/freebooks/herzberg.pdf